Active Support Time Zone
The TimeZone
class serves as a wrapper around TZInfo::Timezone
instances. It allows us to do the following:
-
Limit the set of zones provided by TZInfo to a meaningful subset of 134 zones.
-
Retrieve and display zones with a friendlier name (e.g., “Eastern Time (US & Canada)” instead of “America/New_York”).
-
Lazily load
TZInfo::Timezone
instances only when they’re needed. -
Create
ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instances via TimeZone’slocal
,parse
,at
, andnow
methods.
If you set config.time_zone
in the Rails Application, you can access this TimeZone
object via Time.zone
:
# application.rb:
class Application < Rails::Application
config.time_zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
end
Time.zone # => #<ActiveSupport::TimeZone:0x514834...>
Time.zone.name # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
Time.zone.now # => Sun, 18 May 2008 14:30:44 EDT -04:00
Methods
- <=>
- =~
- []
- all
- at
- country_zones
- create
- find_tzinfo
- formatted_offset
- iso8601
- local
- local_to_utc
- match?
- new
- now
- parse
- rfc3339
- seconds_to_utc_offset
- strptime
- to_s
- today
- tomorrow
- us_zones
- utc_offset
- utc_to_local
- yesterday
Included Modules
- Comparable
Constants
MAPPING | = | { "International Date Line West" => "Etc/GMT+12", "Midway Island" => "Pacific/Midway", "American Samoa" => "Pacific/Pago_Pago", "Hawaii" => "Pacific/Honolulu", "Alaska" => "America/Juneau", "Pacific Time (US & Canada)" => "America/Los_Angeles", "Tijuana" => "America/Tijuana", "Mountain Time (US & Canada)" => "America/Denver", "Arizona" => "America/Phoenix", "Chihuahua" => "America/Chihuahua", "Mazatlan" => "America/Mazatlan", "Central Time (US & Canada)" => "America/Chicago", "Saskatchewan" => "America/Regina", "Guadalajara" => "America/Mexico_City", "Mexico City" => "America/Mexico_City", "Monterrey" => "America/Monterrey", "Central America" => "America/Guatemala", "Eastern Time (US & Canada)" => "America/New_York", "Indiana (East)" => "America/Indiana/Indianapolis", "Bogota" => "America/Bogota", "Lima" => "America/Lima", "Quito" => "America/Lima", "Atlantic Time (Canada)" => "America/Halifax", "Caracas" => "America/Caracas", "La Paz" => "America/La_Paz", "Santiago" => "America/Santiago", "Newfoundland" => "America/St_Johns", "Brasilia" => "America/Sao_Paulo", "Buenos Aires" => "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "Montevideo" => "America/Montevideo", "Georgetown" => "America/Guyana", "Puerto Rico" => "America/Puerto_Rico", "Greenland" => "America/Godthab", "Mid-Atlantic" => "Atlantic/South_Georgia", "Azores" => "Atlantic/Azores", "Cape Verde Is." => "Atlantic/Cape_Verde", "Dublin" => "Europe/Dublin", "Edinburgh" => "Europe/London", "Lisbon" => "Europe/Lisbon", "London" => "Europe/London", "Casablanca" => "Africa/Casablanca", "Monrovia" => "Africa/Monrovia", "UTC" => "Etc/UTC", "Belgrade" => "Europe/Belgrade", "Bratislava" => "Europe/Bratislava", "Budapest" => "Europe/Budapest", "Ljubljana" => "Europe/Ljubljana", "Prague" => "Europe/Prague", "Sarajevo" => "Europe/Sarajevo", "Skopje" => "Europe/Skopje", "Warsaw" => "Europe/Warsaw", "Zagreb" => "Europe/Zagreb", "Brussels" => "Europe/Brussels", "Copenhagen" => "Europe/Copenhagen", "Madrid" => "Europe/Madrid", "Paris" => "Europe/Paris", "Amsterdam" => "Europe/Amsterdam", "Berlin" => "Europe/Berlin", "Bern" => "Europe/Zurich", "Zurich" => "Europe/Zurich", "Rome" => "Europe/Rome", "Stockholm" => "Europe/Stockholm", "Vienna" => "Europe/Vienna", "West Central Africa" => "Africa/Algiers", "Bucharest" => "Europe/Bucharest", "Cairo" => "Africa/Cairo", "Helsinki" => "Europe/Helsinki", "Kyiv" => "Europe/Kiev", "Riga" => "Europe/Riga", "Sofia" => "Europe/Sofia", "Tallinn" => "Europe/Tallinn", "Vilnius" => "Europe/Vilnius", "Athens" => "Europe/Athens", "Istanbul" => "Europe/Istanbul", "Minsk" => "Europe/Minsk", "Jerusalem" => "Asia/Jerusalem", "Harare" => "Africa/Harare", "Pretoria" => "Africa/Johannesburg", "Kaliningrad" => "Europe/Kaliningrad", "Moscow" => "Europe/Moscow", "St. Petersburg" => "Europe/Moscow", "Volgograd" => "Europe/Volgograd", "Samara" => "Europe/Samara", "Kuwait" => "Asia/Kuwait", "Riyadh" => "Asia/Riyadh", "Nairobi" => "Africa/Nairobi", "Baghdad" => "Asia/Baghdad", "Tehran" => "Asia/Tehran", "Abu Dhabi" => "Asia/Muscat", "Muscat" => "Asia/Muscat", "Baku" => "Asia/Baku", "Tbilisi" => "Asia/Tbilisi", "Yerevan" => "Asia/Yerevan", "Kabul" => "Asia/Kabul", "Ekaterinburg" => "Asia/Yekaterinburg", "Islamabad" => "Asia/Karachi", "Karachi" => "Asia/Karachi", "Tashkent" => "Asia/Tashkent", "Chennai" => "Asia/Kolkata", "Kolkata" => "Asia/Kolkata", "Mumbai" => "Asia/Kolkata", "New Delhi" => "Asia/Kolkata", "Kathmandu" => "Asia/Kathmandu", "Dhaka" => "Asia/Dhaka", "Sri Jayawardenepura" => "Asia/Colombo", "Almaty" => "Asia/Almaty", "Astana" => "Asia/Almaty", "Novosibirsk" => "Asia/Novosibirsk", "Rangoon" => "Asia/Rangoon", "Bangkok" => "Asia/Bangkok", "Hanoi" => "Asia/Bangkok", "Jakarta" => "Asia/Jakarta", "Krasnoyarsk" => "Asia/Krasnoyarsk", "Beijing" => "Asia/Shanghai", "Chongqing" => "Asia/Chongqing", "Hong Kong" => "Asia/Hong_Kong", "Urumqi" => "Asia/Urumqi", "Kuala Lumpur" => "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", "Singapore" => "Asia/Singapore", "Taipei" => "Asia/Taipei", "Perth" => "Australia/Perth", "Irkutsk" => "Asia/Irkutsk", "Ulaanbaatar" => "Asia/Ulaanbaatar", "Seoul" => "Asia/Seoul", "Osaka" => "Asia/Tokyo", "Sapporo" => "Asia/Tokyo", "Tokyo" => "Asia/Tokyo", "Yakutsk" => "Asia/Yakutsk", "Darwin" => "Australia/Darwin", "Adelaide" => "Australia/Adelaide", "Canberra" => "Australia/Canberra", "Melbourne" => "Australia/Melbourne", "Sydney" => "Australia/Sydney", "Brisbane" => "Australia/Brisbane", "Hobart" => "Australia/Hobart", "Vladivostok" => "Asia/Vladivostok", "Guam" => "Pacific/Guam", "Port Moresby" => "Pacific/Port_Moresby", "Magadan" => "Asia/Magadan", "Srednekolymsk" => "Asia/Srednekolymsk", "Solomon Is." => "Pacific/Guadalcanal", "New Caledonia" => "Pacific/Noumea", "Fiji" => "Pacific/Fiji", "Kamchatka" => "Asia/Kamchatka", "Marshall Is." => "Pacific/Majuro", "Auckland" => "Pacific/Auckland", "Wellington" => "Pacific/Auckland", "Nuku'alofa" => "Pacific/Tongatapu", "Tokelau Is." => "Pacific/Fakaofo", "Chatham Is." => "Pacific/Chatham", "Samoa" => "Pacific/Apia" } |
Keys are Rails |
Attributes
[R] | name | |
[R] | tzinfo |
Class Public methods
[](arg)
Locate a specific time zone object. If the argument is a string, it is interpreted to mean the name of the timezone to locate. If it is a numeric value it is either the hour offset, or the second offset, of the timezone to find. (The first one with that offset will be returned.) Returns nil
if no such time zone is known to the system.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 232
def [](arg)
case arg
when self
arg
when String
begin
@lazy_zones_map[arg] ||= create(arg)
rescue TZInfo::InvalidTimezoneIdentifier
nil
end
when TZInfo::Timezone
@lazy_zones_map[arg.name] ||= create(arg.name, nil, arg)
when Numeric, ActiveSupport::Duration
arg *= 3600 if arg.abs <= 13
all.find { |z| z.utc_offset == arg.to_i }
else
raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument to TimeZone[]: #{arg.inspect}"
end
end
🔎 See on GitHub
all()
Returns an array of all TimeZone
objects. There are multiple TimeZone
objects per time zone, in many cases, to make it easier for users to find their own time zone.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 223
def all
@zones ||= zones_map.values.sort
end
🔎 See on GitHub
country_zones(country_code)
A convenience method for returning a collection of TimeZone
objects for time zones in the country specified by its ISO 3166-1 Alpha2 code.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 260
def country_zones(country_code)
code = country_code.to_s.upcase
@country_zones[code] ||= load_country_zones(code)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
create(name, utc_offset = nil, tzinfo = nil)
Create a new TimeZone
object with the given name and offset. The offset is the number of seconds that this time zone is offset from UTC (GMT). Seconds were chosen as the offset unit because that is the unit that Ruby uses to represent time zone offsets (see Time#utc_offset).
find_tzinfo(name)
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 207
def find_tzinfo(name)
TZInfo::Timezone.get(MAPPING[name] || name)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
new(name)
Returns a TimeZone
instance with the given name, or nil
if no such TimeZone
instance exists. (This exists to support the use of this class with the composed_of
macro.)
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 216
def new(name)
self[name]
end
🔎 See on GitHub
seconds_to_utc_offset(seconds, colon = true)
Assumes self represents an offset from UTC in seconds (as returned from Time#utc_offset) and turns this into an +HH:MM formatted string.
ActiveSupport::TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(-21_600) # => "-06:00"
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 199
def seconds_to_utc_offset(seconds, colon = true)
format = colon ? UTC_OFFSET_WITH_COLON : UTC_OFFSET_WITHOUT_COLON
sign = (seconds < 0 ? "-" : "+")
hours = seconds.abs / 3600
minutes = (seconds.abs % 3600) / 60
format % [sign, hours, minutes]
end
🔎 See on GitHub
us_zones()
A convenience method for returning a collection of TimeZone
objects for time zones in the USA.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 254
def us_zones
country_zones(:us)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
Instance Public methods
<=>(zone)
Compare this time zone to the parameter. The two are compared first on their offsets, and then by name.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 333
def <=>(zone)
return unless zone.respond_to? :utc_offset
result = (utc_offset <=> zone.utc_offset)
result = (name <=> zone.name) if result == 0
result
end
🔎 See on GitHub
=~(re)
Compare name
and TZInfo identifier to a supplied regexp, returning true
if a match is found.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 342
def =~(re)
re === name || re === MAPPING[name]
end
🔎 See on GitHub
at(*args)
Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instance in time zone of self
from number of seconds since the Unix epoch.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.utc(2000).to_f # => 946684800.0
Time.zone.at(946684800.0) # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
A second argument can be supplied to specify sub-second precision.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.at(946684800, 123456.789).nsec # => 123456789
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 379
def at(*args)
Time.at(*args).utc.in_time_zone(self)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)
Returns a formatted string of the offset from UTC, or an alternative string if the time zone is already UTC.
zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Central Time (US & Canada)']
zone.formatted_offset # => "-06:00"
zone.formatted_offset(false) # => "-0600"
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 327
def formatted_offset(colon = true, alternate_utc_string = nil)
utc_offset == 0 && alternate_utc_string || self.class.seconds_to_utc_offset(utc_offset, colon)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
iso8601(str)
Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instance in time zone of self
from an ISO 8601 string.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.iso8601('1999-12-31T14:00:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
If the time components are missing then they will be set to zero.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.iso8601('1999-12-31') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 00:00:00 HST -10:00
If the string is invalid then an ArgumentError
will be raised unlike parse
which usually returns nil
when given an invalid date string.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 396
def iso8601(str)
# Historically `Date._iso8601(nil)` returns `{}`, but in the `date` gem versions `3.2.1`, `3.1.2`, `3.0.2`,
# and `2.0.1`, `Date._iso8601(nil)` raises `TypeError` https://github.com/ruby/date/issues/39
# Future `date` releases are expected to revert back to the original behavior.
raise ArgumentError, "invalid date" if str.nil?
parts = Date._iso8601(str)
year = parts.fetch(:year)
if parts.key?(:yday)
ordinal_date = Date.ordinal(year, parts.fetch(:yday))
month = ordinal_date.month
day = ordinal_date.day
else
month = parts.fetch(:mon)
day = parts.fetch(:mday)
end
time = Time.new(
year,
month,
day,
parts.fetch(:hour, 0),
parts.fetch(:min, 0),
parts.fetch(:sec, 0) + parts.fetch(:sec_fraction, 0),
parts.fetch(:offset, 0)
)
if parts[:offset]
TimeWithZone.new(time.utc, self)
else
TimeWithZone.new(nil, self, time)
end
rescue Date::Error, KeyError
raise ArgumentError, "invalid date"
end
🔎 See on GitHub
local(*args)
Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instance in time zone of self
from given values.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.local(2007, 2, 1, 15, 30, 45) # => Thu, 01 Feb 2007 15:30:45 HST -10:00
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 363
def local(*args)
time = Time.utc(*args)
ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.new(nil, self, time)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
local_to_utc(time, dst = true)
Adjust the given time to the simultaneous time in UTC. Returns a Time.utc() instance.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 551
def local_to_utc(time, dst = true)
tzinfo.local_to_utc(time, dst)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
match?(re)
Compare name
and TZInfo identifier to a supplied regexp, returning true
if a match is found.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 348
def match?(re)
(re == name) || (re == MAPPING[name]) ||
((Regexp === re) && (re.match?(name) || re.match?(MAPPING[name])))
end
🔎 See on GitHub
now()
Returns an ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instance representing the current time in the time zone represented by self
.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.now # => Wed, 23 Jan 2008 20:24:27 HST -10:00
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 516
def now
time_now.utc.in_time_zone(self)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
parse(str, now = now())
Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instance in time zone of self
from parsed string.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.parse('1999-12-31 14:00:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
If upper components are missing from the string, they are supplied from TimeZone#now
:
Time.zone.now # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
Time.zone.parse('22:30:00') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 22:30:00 HST -10:00
However, if the date component is not provided, but any other upper components are supplied, then the day of the month defaults to 1:
Time.zone.parse('Mar 2000') # => Wed, 01 Mar 2000 00:00:00 HST -10:00
If the string is invalid then an ArgumentError
could be raised.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 453
def parse(str, now = now())
parts_to_time(Date._parse(str, false), now)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
rfc3339(str)
Method for creating new ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instance in time zone of self
from an RFC 3339 string.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.rfc3339('2000-01-01T00:00:00Z') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
If the time or zone components are missing then an ArgumentError
will be raised. This is much stricter than either parse
or iso8601
which allow for missing components.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.rfc3339('1999-12-31') # => ArgumentError: invalid date
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 469
def rfc3339(str)
parts = Date._rfc3339(str)
raise ArgumentError, "invalid date" if parts.empty?
time = Time.new(
parts.fetch(:year),
parts.fetch(:mon),
parts.fetch(:mday),
parts.fetch(:hour),
parts.fetch(:min),
parts.fetch(:sec) + parts.fetch(:sec_fraction, 0),
parts.fetch(:offset)
)
TimeWithZone.new(time.utc, self)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
strptime(str, format, now = now())
Parses str
according to format
and returns an ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
.
Assumes that str
is a time in the time zone self
, unless format
includes an explicit time zone. (This is the same behavior as parse
.) In either case, the returned TimeWithZone
has the timezone of self
.
Time.zone = 'Hawaii' # => "Hawaii"
Time.zone.strptime('1999-12-31 14:00:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
If upper components are missing from the string, they are supplied from TimeZone#now
:
Time.zone.now # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 14:00:00 HST -10:00
Time.zone.strptime('22:30:00', '%H:%M:%S') # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 22:30:00 HST -10:00
However, if the date component is not provided, but any other upper components are supplied, then the day of the month defaults to 1:
Time.zone.strptime('Mar 2000', '%b %Y') # => Wed, 01 Mar 2000 00:00:00 HST -10:00
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 507
def strptime(str, format, now = now())
parts_to_time(DateTime._strptime(str, format), now)
end
🔎 See on GitHub
to_s()
Returns a textual representation of this time zone.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 354
def to_s
"(GMT#{formatted_offset}) #{name}"
end
🔎 See on GitHub
today()
Returns the current date in this time zone.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 521
def today
tzinfo.now.to_date
end
🔎 See on GitHub
tomorrow()
Returns the next date in this time zone.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 526
def tomorrow
today + 1
end
🔎 See on GitHub
utc_offset()
Returns the offset of this time zone from UTC in seconds.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 317
def utc_offset
@utc_offset || tzinfo&.current_period&.base_utc_offset
end
🔎 See on GitHub
utc_to_local(time)
Adjust the given time to the simultaneous time in the time zone represented by self
. Returns a local time with the appropriate offset – if you want an ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone
instance, use Time#in_time_zone()
instead.
As of tzinfo 2, utc_to_local
returns a Time
with a non-zero utc_offset. See the utc_to_local_returns_utc_offset_times
config for more info.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 542
def utc_to_local(time)
tzinfo.utc_to_local(time).yield_self do |t|
ActiveSupport.utc_to_local_returns_utc_offset_times ?
t : Time.utc(t.year, t.month, t.day, t.hour, t.min, t.sec, t.sec_fraction * 1_000_000)
end
end
🔎 See on GitHub
yesterday()
Returns the previous date in this time zone.
📝 Source code
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/values/time_zone.rb, line 531
def yesterday
today - 1
end
🔎 See on GitHub