What is Optimistic Locking
Optimistic locking allows multiple users to access the same record for edits, and assumes a minimum of conflicts with the data. It does this by checking whether another process has made changes to a record since it was opened, an ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError exception is thrown if that has occurred and the update is ignored.
Check out ActiveRecord::Locking::Pessimistic for an alternative.
Usage
Active Record supports optimistic locking if the lock_version field is present. Each update to the record increments the lock_version column and the locking facilities ensure that records instantiated twice will let the last one saved raise a StaleObjectError if the first was also updated. Example:
p1 = Person.find(1)
p2 = Person.find(1)
p1.first_name = "Michael"
p1.save
p2.first_name = "should fail"
p2.save # Raises an ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError
Optimistic locking will also check for stale data when objects are destroyed. Example:
p1 = Person.find(1)
p2 = Person.find(1)
p1.first_name = "Michael"
p1.save
p2.destroy # Raises an ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError
You're then responsible for dealing with the conflict by rescuing the exception and either rolling back, merging, or otherwise apply the business logic needed to resolve the conflict.
This locking mechanism will function inside a single Ruby process. To make it work across all web requests, the recommended approach is to add lock_version as a hidden field to your form.
This behavior can be turned off by setting ActiveRecord::Base.lock_optimistically = false. To override the name of the lock_version column, set the locking_column class attribute:
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
self.locking_column = :lock_person
end